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Yangming Lei
2003.06.27 Tamkang University, Focus on youth Internet addiction in adolescents due to exposure to which the social context, that the media, government together with the public voice of young people occupied, and addiction biased one-way mapping discussed balanced perspective, so that young people can appear in our eyes look more different.
Keywords: youth culture ﹑ Internet addiction
Ivan from 1995 Goldberg, MD, is full of rigid rules in order to open the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Mental Disorders (DSM) made a little joke, and the report had been more like the stars, the relevant diagnostic criteria or scale have also been introduced, the phenomenon of internet addiction for adolescents is also where the rescue remedy more than a (Armstrong ﹑ Phillips & Saling, 2000; Young, 1996 ﹑ 1998 ; Zhou Qian, 1999; Chen Shuhui, 1998 ﹑ 1999), shows the color from the negative issues with the psychological and pathological point of view the discussion of Internet addiction among teenagers has been considerable, and positive meaning from the social aspects of Internet addiction and much less relative to the literature, discussed for the sake of balance, this intention in a positive discussion with the social significance of the level of Internet addiction, and in particular focus on youth Internet addiction.
Road Addiction with will determine the exposure to the phenomenon of meaning in society. to look at the social behavior of young people, with negative words (eg, addiction) to describe, for example, we would not say addicted young filial obedient ﹑ hard addiction or addiction, even if he has homework or listen because of the filial relationship or social functions; but not necessarily for the community approval of the act, it is easy to use the negative word description, so I do not listen to become rebellious (and not called a autonomy) ﹑ do not love studying hard and not become lazy (and not called non-academic aptitude higher), natural , the network like the Internet will become addicted (not called highly enthusiastic about the network).
He even believed that only when young people are seen as a problem 』『 time, young people will be there. ZHANG Shu-chi (2000) analyzed 443 print media to study the social image of young people and found that negative image can be said to appear most often in media reports, and thus the formation of the public stereotype of young people. popular way of viewing on young people is always around the corresponds to a negative image of an is often by of values (naturally discussed the lack of opposition lost the opportunity for collective reflection), on the other hand while filling the voice of young people from hiding their light under the (Hebdige, 1988).
youth Internet addiction
understand the social context of a disease pathology from the start, understanding the natural phenomenon of a society's social context from the beginning of its formation, but English from Internet addiction (Internet addiction disorder, IAD) with Internet addiction drugs and chemical substances involved in human and technology interaction (Griffiths, 1997; Young, 1996 ﹑ 1998) view, Internet addiction is basically a set of symptoms based on social phenomena, in other words, the emergence of Internet addiction and Naming and the formation of the society has a close relationship.
then the four, behind U.S., Japan and South Korea (Liu Mengjun, Hsin-Hung Chen, 2001), the Executive Yuan in Taiwan, government members Cai Qingyan commercial software title Union speech (2001) also noted that in 2003 the output value of Taiwan's overall software industry should be 1999 2.9 billion grew $ 66,000,000 $ 90,000,000 7.0 billion. while the United States Brown University Center for Public Administration Government of 198 countries worldwide appraisal found that Taiwan's government electronic (web based) level was 72.5 points ranks first in the world than the first Two South Korea (64.0) 7.5 points higher than third place Canada (61.1) and fourth in the United States (60.1) were higher by 11.4 and 12.4 points (Yang Fu Man, 2002b). display the information hardware and software development from the government to private goal of joint efforts.
89 years Gallup survey found that Internet use in Taiwan has reached 6.65 million population (Lin Shuo Yao, 2000), ranking third in the world; and according to the Taiwan Network Information Center (2002) commissioned NetValue Fu Jen Catholic University in collaboration with the about 953 million, accounting for over 15 years of age (inclusive) the total number of maternal 53.6%, indicating that approximately every two 15 years old (inclusive) of the persons, who have a home, work, school or Internet cafe Internet, Internet use is not restricted to web browsing, including the use of E-mail, instant messaging, online video, online gaming .2002 NetValue also announced a separate survey found that online spending will be sufficient as a POP3 and SMTP index E-mail penetration rate, Taiwan ranked first in Asia to 69.1%, much higher than Singapore (53.9%), the Hong Kong and South Korea 36.6% (4.4%), and other three dragons (Yang Fu Man, 2002a). that all the people using the Internet in Taiwan Popular acts together.
so young if you plan to be a good little one, in line with community expectations and government targets, and following the trend of social progress, then most people, contact information and the Internet should be the most diligent and rational choice, or , Taiwan, from government to civil society directly and indirectly in encouraging people to access, and cited that the pride of state and government, youth is no exception.
youth access is consistent with government policy and consistent with social trends, then The number of young people online and the time is not much need to worry then?
Yam Internet survey (2001) pointed out that the highest percentage of Taiwan's Internet user population is accounted for 74.2% of adults aged 20-34 years young people ,15-19 years old accounted for only 12.6%, even 14 years of age accounted for only 0.8% is quite a less number; Han Peiling (2001), 342 for high school students in northern Internet addiction survey also found that high school grade students only average weekly hours of 12.5 hours online a day less than two hours, the relative five years before the survey, Brenner (1996) surveys from 25 countries, with an average age of 34 years of 1885 questionnaires were obtained weekly compared to an average of 19 hours online, in fact, a lot less, from the 2001 New York survey also found that young people in Canada monthly average of 8.37 hours online hours, and adults up to 13.95 hours (Jupiter Media Metrix, 2001), indicate whether the Taiwan, the United States or Canada, youth access time is less than many adults, even the Internet café for the youth survey also found that 807 young people 12-23 years old although Qicheng more to the north over the net cafe, but to be time in the Internet cafe 1 to 4 times a month for up to an average maximum of 3-4 hours (Mei-Hua Xu, 2002). seems to indicate that in fact both the number of young people online is not enough long enough, the object concerned about Internet addiction There is not dominated by youth.
number of Internet users and time since the youth are not as adults, so why should we be so pay attention to youth access problem? Is the problem the number of young small but large enough to social problems, it is worthy of public concern?
let the crime rate in different age groups to look at: According to the Ministry of Justice (2002) statistics, the county and Local Taxation seized prisoners found guilty of the Executive Magistrate of age, 1998 - under 14 years of age in 2002 to 18 the total number of juvenile delinquency number of criminals were 0.84% 0.81% ﹑ ﹑ ﹑ 0.40% 0.34% and 0.32%, while the equivalent section of young parents under the age of 30 years to 40 years old the number of crime rate was 31.8% 32.1% ﹑ ﹑ ﹑ 31.7%, 37.2% and 31.6%, the difference is very poor, in terms of age showed enough when young adults, parents, the crime rate is much higher than young people. the situation of young people
Yuan Buyuan? neither major groups access to the Internet, nor is the largest group of online hours, even more than the majority of crime in Taiwan, but still seen as the most serious social problems.
From that perspective years, compared with adults, fewer young people online, Internet time is not more than adults, even the crime rate less than adults, so why should we focus so the youth as a problem? It is hidden behind the collective consciousness of what social context?
Although there is no adult juvenile crime rate high, but the tendency of adolescents were still very high as a problem, the reason may be, as Hebdige (1988) said, in today's society, only when young people are as a (1988) that the total community of ) also said that experts are usually from the discuss youth issues, youth and then some special causes of social problems linked together, then forms a workers, Social scholars and experts in social psychology. This phenomenon occurs not only in foreign countries, Taiwan's media, regardless of comprehensive newspaper or entertainment newspaper, (ZHANG Shu-chi, 2000); Academia Sinica (1991) study also illustrates this point, in its , even worse, even the nearly thirty percent of young people themselves think people co-created self-concept, and then issue them as the public face of negative stereotypes that people often can not help but think of psychology of Government, commercial structures, and experts how to shape the stereotype of young people: first, a group originally from all sides have their different characteristics, habits, background, family people, because of an innovative or special way of life caused by media attention, and then In order to facilitate the media headlines and in a rough generalization but to refer the group name, so that such a number of different people because of this name was about of being eliminated, and then, on the one hand commercial mechanism is based on market segmentation and use the name again for this fun eye-catching label group, and arouse public attention through intensive advertising, the other hand, some deviations of this group or different from the traditional action by the government health sector in particular judicial or wantonly through the media attention and coverage, these deviations, or different from the traditional touches of action because the public reports and professional discourse to label the media and government attention to doctrinal endorsement, and thus the public endorsement of moral disintegration anxiety rationalize the legitimacy of this point, and structure of the group again this time if the lack of strong self-narrative and self-orientation in public, the representatives of this group have problems or dangerous impression that the more people's minds and become also applies to groups other than young people, such as single hazards, gay, school dropouts, etc., to gay, for example, the early years had very different group of people because of sexual orientation (commonality) caused by media reports and use the difference of these people will be canceled and strengthen their commonality, these are different people because of sexual orientation is about into a single group of people, and the judicial police department combined with the media will love to kill or prevent weathering and other cases linked with the comrades, Canada experts and scholars on the author to discuss the causes and counseling strategies Comrade academic discourse, the common shape Comrade current gradually formed the impression that a more fair, but this negative stereotypes still remained scattered in all corners of society.
and , textbooks, school) and was based around a single ethnic group, followed by commercial advertising to striking the name of new (younger generation) and slogans (as long as I like to have what can not) highlight some of the attributes of young people and to attract public attention At the same time with the media department of the judicial police drag racing, drugs, premarital sex and moral collapse of public anxiety enough to cause the action and the taste the forbidden fruit reported that because of good teachers and bad students who had become, school dropouts to get the world championship game, etc.), the establishment of a This sets up a formal confirmation young people, , to keep the government the power to speak of media experts, and young people with the voice of self-narrative is to kill off this chance.
Similarly, simplified access to the Internet were Internet users, the network's new media coverage and triggered public anxiety, Internet pornography, crime, hackers and other deviant behavior is a large number of reports and banned, researchers have proposed Internet addiction professional to avoid negative interpersonal discourse in isolation, are also set up a br> When the different interpretations?
Internet, perhaps the way of self-help young people
always said we encounter problems, positive solution better than to escape, but escape is often perceived mentality of young people the importance of the Internet, but In order to avoid the criticism of the Internet when young, but seems to forget to discuss why young people choose to escape and not easy to choose a positive solution? In addition the blame on the young mind, there may be quite difficult because of the positive solution, or even, should not is their responsibility?
according to Eastern Integrated Consumer Profile (hereinafter referred to as EICP) information, the year 2000 Sunningdale Public Foundation Youth project is the highest misery index always encountered considerable confusion that they can not stand the traffic, the index 3.58 points; third is the becoming a victim may feel anxious. for the greater Taipei area, great pressure and the pressure of the conscious feeling is that these children and adolescents are not the main source of happiness; As between parents and children together, a quarter of children and adolescents and parents that get along long enough. and in these less time to get along with children and adolescents with their parents, nearly 50% of people feel very little pleasure, as well as 45% of people feel that they are worry, anxiety, boredom, disappointment! when children and adolescents in a bad mood, like most find a friend talk about, but three of them into no one to talk or dialogue with myself, friends and their children show the important relationship between young people; In addition, people often feel happy way of dealing with emotions, and more to discuss and listen to music outside vent pipes; and often unhappy people, you often enclosed in their own world (EICP, 2000b).
2001 Jupiter-research in the United States, a survey found that more than 5 months in a reformatory school children, and reunited after the drug in a reformatory school drop-out percentage than .49% more when they drop out of school because of drug use of young people being thrown into a reformatory school reunion with their families after, and 30% of the high proportion of cases dropping out of school drug abuse continue to occur; in during the probation period for young people under 10% would cut class, got home there were around 20% of young people will do. concerned that young people go home again after the cause of bad behavior, probably because their parents education and treatment of the child's situation has not changed much, leading to young people still go its own way (EICP, 2001).
U.S. CASA's survey found that one in five respondents believe that parents of young children not to be discipline; addition, that large sources, legal, transport and law and order which one is the youth that they can to tackle the problem? fight can not afford it fly right? in stress and unhappiness in young people, parents may not have the time, there if not empty, but rearing is also a lot of trouble, only to find a friend and myself were listening to music their own entertainment, but outside the law and order and traffic and worrying how to not worry about security and traffic, but also to find a friend or a person own entertainment?
Internet!
is safe at home, you can chat and make friends ﹑ ﹑ ﹑ watch online movie music, both interaction and can enjoy themselves, although the violence in video games, but not would anyone really injured, and at least the physical disorder than the order of society also has rules to follow; chat room for free and low cost to role-playing (Yangming Lei, 2000), a temporary relief from the negative impression of the community, as well as the face of network can choose their own level of interest in the information, access to books do not teach useless test is sufficient to expand your horizons mind the various messages.
another way, if you can meet friends online chat ﹑ ﹑ ﹑ watching movies, listening to music written report Digestion boring ﹑ ﹑ ﹑ to find information, etc. to promote a happy learning needs of hh, you will want to stay online long week?
Unfortunately, the hard, serious and hard work rather than the pursuit of happiness is the community to the definition of youth, so the pursuit of happiness is not for young people to be back normal / stressful problems.
While the Internet may encounter bad guys, but if not the online world and the real world, meaning confused, the most the result is bad without any real computer poisoning bodily harm, and thus in terms of the Internet on young people is a very safe and can fully self-controlled environment, but also a rich network of information is also quite consistent with the new psychological development of young people stimulate the demand for novelty.
full security control of this rich environment and worried about the safety of particularly vulnerable women benefit, making the Internet has become a powerful tool for promoting gender equality, such as Canada YTV Kid & Tween (YTV survey , 2000) survey of young people not only very close to the ratio of boys and girls online (51:49), and when new friends made safe, the girls (21%) than boys (8%) prefer to make friends chat room; in interpersonal interaction, the girls (53%) send E-mail is also higher than the ratio of boys (42%), and the girls have individual e-mail (40%) far more than boys (31%). In Europe, Austrian Internet Monitor for the Austrian survey of young people aged 10-19 years, 14-17-year-olds access to the Internet 92%, 52% of the Internet at school, at home, 50%, 10% occur in the outside both the Internet and 75% of boys and 73% of girls are often the Internet, shows the boys better than girls tend to lower the Internet, 14-17-year-old young girls online rate is still more than boys ( EICP, 2001d).
this security-rich environment allows young people to do? the United States to a Zogby survey of young people aged for 18m24, 86.8% of the respondents think that the network will encourage young people actively involved in politics, 40 % of the 18-year-old respondents and 65.4% of respondents said the 19-year-old network will increase the proportion of youth participation in politics; 56.5% of Democrats, independents 55.7%, and 46.8% of Republicans also believe that network Road help; women (56.5%) than males (50.7%) had a higher proportion of support networks for young people to promote their effective participation in political activities (EICP, 2000c). Hong Kong Chinese University survey young people in their spare time activities usually do, 11% of the young regular Internet or playing ICQ, an average of 1 hour and 54 minutes per day spent (EICP, 2000d); Canada YTV Kid & Tween (YTV survey, 2000) survey of young people known to science and technology (including lifestyle, attitudes, views) in the indicated annual rate of growth of young people online, 68% of young people have computers at home, compared with growth of 18% in 1999; 41% said that more than simple Internet access, they will At the same time to open many windows and programs, such as: use of microphone, listening to music, watching TV programs, while young people use the Internet to search for schoolwork time ratio from 49% in 1999 to grow 61% in 2000; Internet Green juvenile, 25% search for information on sports and music, followed by science (21%), film (17%) and celebrities (14%). In the United States, Pew Internet & American Life Project survey that the United States 12 - 17-year-olds, about 1700 people (73%) had the habit of using the Internet, the main activities of young people top five online send and receive email, feel free to browse, visit entertainment sites, use instant messaging (Instant Messaging, IM) and Search and interest-related information; However, young people can gain control of the money too much, only 31% have online shopping. young people online for a long time, the network also had the feelings of young people online Three-quarters said that if the Internet is no longer the case, will miss the network (note, they used the nearly one-third of young people also feel that network to help them handed a lot of new friends; 74% of online youth (about 1300 million people) will use instant messaging, and 19% of teenagers said instant messaging send their friends now and the main means of communication (EICP, 2001b).
view of this, the Internet really is the safest and most young people can control the environment, but also improve care for young people politics, social interest, relationships, extended field of vision or even a good place to complete homework.
first Self-control network allows young people are least able to control the young adult parents, the local, network technology and new information often go beyond non-professional adults can wish to understand the extent of not great opportunities for adults in advance Screening young people can access information through the network and others, is not too high cost of Internet access is also made difficult by controlling the allowance limit adult youth, the The most able and most juvenile runaway anxiety.
such as Pew Internet & American Life Project survey found that family has parents of young people aged 12-17, 45% of parents worry about young people from the network and get involved dangerous or harmful activities, but parents have to network and You Sicheng children quarreled, in addition to Liu Cheng's parents have to make rules for kids online, the same proportion of parents check their children to browse the contents of the network; In order for children to avoid straying into bad sites, 17% of parents place the computer in the family can see it, and 41% of households installing filtering software (EICP, 2001b).
When parents to limit attitude towards the youth level to monitor the Internet, the young people out if you want to limit and reduce the quarrel with their parents, Internet cafes have become the best choice. But although young people can go to Internet cafes to monitor from the parents, but not necessarily a bad thing to do , Sunningdale Community Foundation survey found that 64.6% of students to Internet cafes to play online games, 56.2% were to online chat, so it seems are still legitimate activities; but there are still 7.7% only to see porn sites to Internet cafes, 4.8% to aid communication in this transaction, 4.3% play gambling games (EICP, 2001c).
Internet cafe even if most young people are engaged in legitimate activities, and gambling and pornography ﹑ compensated dating, the ratio is about low, but if young people with adults to master the anxiety out of control, even in the case of the check only 7.7% is still sufficient to provoke adult to , 2001e) found that the face of sexual solicitation from the Internet, there are experienced Internet users only 10% of adults to those reported to the police in charge of network equipment, and up to 69% of parents do not even know who to that, while this was 76% of troubled young people, not much higher than their parents. shows not only the fear of the young adults out of control, inability to handle themselves seem important reason is the worry out of control.
young people online and found that age, education is no longer a guarantee of adult leadership, youth science and technology capacity in the network technology may be good than adults, adult education and age in addition to, if not more worthy of showing respect for young people is not easy to obtain directly from the Internet things like real love ﹑ ﹑ more active spirit of a more thorough knowledge and ability to think and reflect a more humble attitude towards young people, adults can not be a model but only if the authority so that young people will be afraid and not willing to respect only, then the young adults to leave the network, ...